由tan講起對語言嘅敬畏

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一門語言,係佢發展嘅過程中,因爲社會變遷、溝通往來等等原因,毫無疑問會摻雜各種外來語。舉個簡單嘅例子,廣州話講嘅的dik1士si6-2貼tip3士si6,分別來自英文嘅taxitips之諧音。而係廣州話嘅原意裏邊,的士貼士呢啲詞語並無意義。與bus唔同,巴baa1士si6-2 係諧音,屬於外來詞,但係公交車並非外來詞。

噉樣講嚟,判斷一個粵語嘅詞語係咪外來,好似唔難。

  • 一喺,完全音譯。
  • 二喺省略音譯。
  • 或者喺音譯加意譯。
  • 甚至喺直接借用。

完全音譯最爲常見,例如上述所舉例子,又如三文魚 英:salmon干邑 法:Cognac士多 英:store 都喺完全音譯。而省略音譯稍爲少見,例如山埃 氰化鉀 英:potassium cyanide

音譯加意譯,譬如以前好興嘅的確涼 英:dacron蛇果 英:red delicious apple放蛇 指警察設伏,即喺國語講嘅釣魚行動奶昔 英:milk shake,又或者笨豬跳 英:bungee jumping,等等。

而借用一般都喺來自日文。天婦羅 天麩羅刺身 刺身,便當 弁当,等等都喺借用。

話唔難,就弊

睇返題目講嘅tantan同英文嘅turn諧音。先睇英文turn喺乜意思。

turn

verb (used with object)

  1. to cause to move around on an axis or about a center; rotate:
  2. to cause to move around or partly around, as for the purpose of opening, closing, or tightening:
  3. see more

verb (used without object)

  1. to move around on an axis or about a center; rotate.
  2. to move partly around through the arc of a circle, as a door on a hinge.
  3. see more

noun

  1. a movement of partial or total rotation:
  2. an act of changing or reversing position or posture, as by a rotary movement:
  3. see more

再嚟睇tan喺粵語裏邊嘅類似用法。

tan
  • tan左、tan右;
  • tan前、tan後、tan入、倒tan;
  • tan遲;
  • tan個位出嚟。

當講到tan左、tan右嘅時候,會想當然噉認爲,tan喺英文turn嘅外來詞。其實,上面講嘅tan,正字都喺

讀音tan3,喺『廣州話正音字典』裏邊,解作:

㈡ ①退縮身體的某一部分,使套着的東西脫進:褪下衣袖。②〈方〉後退,挪動:褪後(退後).褪過啲(挪過一點兒).褪啱位(移正位置)

而讀音teoi3 嘅時候,喺指:

㈠ 脫(顏色、羽毛、衣服等):褪色.褪毛

由此可見,我哋可以講褪左褪右左褪右褪。而用粵語表達英文turn leftturn rightleft turnright turn 意思嘅時候,可唔可以用呢?

明顯唔得。應該用轉左轉右左轉右轉

褪,並非外來詞。

褪之字源

褪字考究起來,其實喺退。但喺,褪讀作teoi3時尚好理解。讀作tan3嘅時候,同退字無關。畢竟退字無tan嘅音韻。

我哋知道,粵語白讀似中古漢語。根據『廣韻』,褪tan3喺殿。

1

宜家我哋知道,褪來褪去之,喺殿 ten嚟嘅,並非外來語turn。

正音正字難

讀者朋友可能已經發現,粵語嘅注音會標註聲調。一般來說,粵語可分為九聲,比起普通話的四聲還要多。查閱字典時,若碰到那些沒有同音字標示的生字時,便往往不知所措,或隨便取其容易注音或發音的聲調來定音,結果便造成今天常常讀錯音的情況出現。

聲調 字例 字例 字例
陰平聲
陰上聲
陰去聲
陽平聲
陽上聲
陽去聲
陰入聲 ~
中入聲 ~ ~
陽入聲
文白異讀

熟讀聲調之後,又會遇到一個問題:文白異讀。文白異讀係一個中文字兩款(甚至乎更多)讀音嘅特有情況:文讀同白讀。唔同地方嘅中文都有呢個情況。

國語講嘅:。文讀bo,白讀bao,同理。

譬如廣州人

娶新pou5。好多人以音寫字,寫作:新抱。其實,pou5嘅正字喺。婦,文讀fu5,白讀pou5。唔知嘅人就寫錯。

常見嘅,價錢平 peng4,平時 ping4,都喺呢種情況。

正字

音嘅問題解決咗,字呢?正字之難,難過讀音。舉返題目嘅tan做例子。請睇:

  • 慢tan1 tan1;
  • tan4雞;
  • 手tan4腳震;
  • wan4 tan1;

可能好多人,只識慢吞吞,唔識或寫錯揗雞手揗腳震餛飩。YES,雲吞喺錯字,餛飩先喺正字。

粵語並唔複雜,只不過好多人以爲自己識聽、識字,就無咗對語言嘅敬畏。無畏,則無知。

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FQA for Home Build NAS

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1. May I use my own HDD for NAS?

Sure you can but I won’t suggest that. You should use dedicated storages for NAS, WD RED for example. They are designed for 7*24 working environment.

2. What is SAS? Should I use them?

You may know SATA. Your PC hard drive is using this computer bus interface. SAS is short for Serial Attached SCSI, and is a point-to-point serial protocol that moves data to and from computer-storage devices.

If your motherboard has SAS controller, you could use SATA hard drive and SAS hard drive. If not, you could NOT use SAS hard drive.

In my building list, I suggest to use motherboard GA-7PESH2 has onboard LSI SAS2008. So you could use SAS drives on this build.

Depend on your choice.

SAS hard drive is also designed for 7*24 working environment. It has higher performance than normal SATA hard drive. BUT, usually it has less capacity than SATA hard drive. If you decide to use SAS drives, I suggest you choose 10k or 15k RPM.

3. GA-7PESH2 has only 2 SATA port. How could I use more HDDs?

You will need SFF-8087 to SATA cable or SFF-8087 to SFF-8482 to connect your additional HDDs or SSDs, with SATA or SAS drive.

Also, you could use HP PCI-e SAS Expander Card. This is the easiest way to support 24 drives with this motherboard. Plug in two male-male 8087 cables from the SAS expander to the onboard SAS, the plug all of your SAS breakout cables into the SAS expander. No additional software needed.

4. What is SFF-8087, SFF-8482?

They are all SAS connectors. You could check the difference in wikipedia.

Normally you use SFF-8087 connect to your motherboard, or your SAS card. And use SFF-8482 connect to your Hard drive, SAS or SATA.

5. How many RAM should I use?

The more, the better. If you use FreeNAS, 8G is the basic requirement. When you add 1T storage to your server, you should add 1G RAM, too.

BTW, you should use ECC server RAM. They are designed for 7*24, too.

6. Error when I install plugins on FreeNAS.

Delete your iocage dataset, and then install again. Don’t delete your other dataset!

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